Used against overweight African American males in reference to a popular 1980's cartoon created by Bill Cosby (for example, saying "hey hey hey" around a fat black man could be considered offensive by some) Feargal: Blacks: Short for Feargal Sharkey (a UK Pop singer from late 70's and 80's) which rhymes with Darkie. African reference alphabet as presented 1978 on the Niamey meeting.png 698 × 311; 6 KB. Other scripts support many different writing systems; for example, the Latin script supports English, French, German, Italian, Vietnamese, Latin itself, and several other languages. It is generally held that the Latins adopted the Cumae alphabet‎, a variant of the Greek alphabet, in the 7th century B.C. Eight of these are formed from common Latin letters with the addition of an underline mark (_). It is generally held that the Latins adopted the western variant of the Greek alphabet in the 7th century BC from Cumae, a Greek colony in southern Italy. It is particularly distinguished by prenasalizedconsonant phonemes and tones. It represents in Crimean Tatar, Malay, Nauruan and romanized Quenya. The conference recommended the use of single letters for a sound (that is, a phoneme) instead of using two or three-letter combinations, or letters with diacritical marks.. In the French version, the letters were hand-printed in lower case only. An African reference alphabet was first proposed in 1978 by a UNESCO-organized conference held in Niamey, Niger, and the proposed alphabet was revised in 1982. This alphabet has influenced development of orthographies of many African languages (serving "as the basis for the transcription" of about 60, by one count [1]), but not all, and discussions of harmonization of systems of transcription that led to, among other things, adoption of the African reference alphabet. This version also listed eight accents (acute accent (´), grave accent (`), circumflex (ˆ), caron (ˇ), macron (¯), tilde (˜), trema (¨), and a superscript dot (˙) and nine punctuation marks (? All the words. … It is a part of the African reference alphabet. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. The name of the character came into English from Spanish and from Portuguese, which in turn came from the Latin titulus, meaning "title" or "superscription". As no active threats were reported recently by users, curling-8d22580d.site is SAFE to browse. Set of 60 letters (in the latter edition), used for writing various African languages; initially proposed in 1978 and revised in 1982, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Presentation of the "African Reference Alphabet" (in 4 images) from the Niamey 1978 meeting", African Languages: Proceedings of the meeting of experts on the transcription and harmonization of African languages, Niamey (Niger), 17–21 July 1978, http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=IntlNiameyKybd, http://www.bisharat.net/Documents/Niamey78annex.htm, The upper case I, the counterpart of the lower case i, does not have crossbars (. The Africa Alphabet (also International African Alphabet or IAI alphabet) was developed by the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures in 1928, with the help of some Africans led by Diedrich Hermann Westermann, who served as director of the organization from 1926 until 1939. and The conference recommended the use of single letters for a sound (actually a phoneme) instead of using two or three-letter combinations or letters with diacritical marks. Regionally and in some localities, other scripts … An example is the character æ as used in English, in which the letters a and e are joined. 1978. set of 60 letters (in the latter edition), used for writing various African languages; initially proposed in 1978 and revised in 1982. You could also do it yourself at any point in time. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. : You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. It is a domain having site extension. , one lowercase form View Entire Discussion (1 Comments) More posts from the linguisticshumor community. L is the character æ as used in North Africa and Ge'ez/Ethiopic script is mainly used many... Produced in English is el, plural els International African alphabet or IAI alphabet ) was developed 1928! A typewriter keyboard was proposed as well: for the additional characters, the pronunciation of `` ''. With serifs ( 1978 version of the conference 's report were produced in is... 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